{"id":766,"date":"2020-10-22T08:11:48","date_gmt":"2020-10-22T08:11:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ss-cg.org\/?p=766"},"modified":"2020-10-22T08:11:48","modified_gmt":"2020-10-22T08:11:48","slug":"istorijat-bijelog-stapa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ss-cg.org\/?p=766","title":{"rendered":"Istorijat Bijelog \u0161tapa"},"content":{"rendered":"

Umjetnik James Biggs iz Bristola tvrdio je da je on izmislio bijeli \u0161tap 1921. godine nakon \u0161to je nesretnim slu\u010dajem izgubio vid. Kako bi ga voza\u010di \u0161to lak\u0161e primijetili, obojio je svoj \u0161tap za \u0161etnju bijelom bojom. Trebalo je, me\u0111utim da pro\u0111e jo\u0161 deset godina da bi bijeli \u0161tap bio priznat od strane dru\u0161tva.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

U februaru 1931. godine Guilly d\u2019Herbemont (Francuska) pokrenula je kampanju na nacionalnom nivou, tj. <\/span><\/span>da sve <\/span><\/span>osobe o\u0161te\u0107enog<\/span><\/span>\u00a0vida <\/span><\/span>u dr\u017eavi dobiju bijele \u0161tapove; do tada ih je imala nekolicina i predstavila plan za kretanje osoba <\/span><\/span>o\u0161te\u0107enog vida <\/span><\/span>sa bijelim \u0161tapom u Francuskoj. O ovoj kampanji pisalo se i u britanskim novinama \u0161to je dovelo do sli\u010dnog plana finansiranog <\/span><\/span>od strane R<\/span><\/span>otary klubova \u0161irom Velike Britanije.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

U maju 1931. godine BBC je u svojim radio emisi<\/span><\/span>jama preporu\u010divao da bi <\/span><\/span>osobe<\/span><\/span> o\u0161te\u0107enog vida<\/span><\/span> trebale nositi bijeli \u0161tap koji \u0107e na svjetskom nivou biti prepoznat kao simbol prepoznavanja osoba<\/span><\/span> potpuno i djelimi\u010dno o\u0161te\u0107enog vida<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span> D<\/span><\/span>ugi bijeli \u0161tap vide\u0107im osobama daje do znanja da se u njihovoj okolini nalazi osoba <\/span><\/span>o\u0161te\u0107enog <\/span><\/span>vida, te da prema <\/span><\/span>tome prilagode svoje pona\u0161anje. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Uvo\u0111enje bijelog \u0161tapa u Sjevernoj Americi pripisuje se organizaciji Lion\u2019s Club International. Tako je 1930. godine \u010dlan Lion\u2019s Club Internationala spazio \u010dovjeka<\/span><\/span> potpuno o\u0161te\u0107enog vida<\/span><\/span> kako uz pomo\u0107 crnog \u0161tapa poku\u0161ava da pre\u0111e ulicu. Uvidjev\u0161i da je crni \u0161tap bio jedva vidljiv voza\u010dima, Lion\u2019s Club odlu\u010dio je da crni \u0161tap zamijeni \u0161tapom bijele boje kako bi ga u\u010dinio \u0161to vidljivijim. 1931. godine Lion\u2019s Club International zapo\u010deo je sa nacionalnim programom promovisanja kori\u0161<\/span><\/span>\u0107enja bijelog \u0161tapa za osobe o\u0161te\u0107enog<\/span><\/span> vida.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Dvadesetih i tridesetih godina pro\u0161log vijeka osobe o\u0161te\u0107enog vida kretale su se dr\u017ee\u0107i \u0161tap dijagonalno u istoj poziciji i uloga \u0161tapa bila je simboli\u010dna – \u0161tap je samo predstavljao znak raspoznavanja.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Za potrebe vojnih veterana <\/span><\/span>o\u0161te\u0107enog vida <\/span><\/span>iz Drugog svjetskog rata u SAD doktor Richard Hoover je donekle promijenio \u0161tap i razvio metodu “dugog \u0161tapa” ili “Hooverovu” metodu kretanja \u00a0pomo\u0107u \u0161tapa. Takvi \u0161tapovi zami\u0161ljeni su tako da se koriste kao pomagalo pri kretanju, \u010dime im je vra\u0107ena njihova izvorna uloga sredstva za kretanje, istovremeno zadr\u017eavaju\u0107i simboli\u010dnu ulogu prepoznavanja <\/span><\/span>osoba o\u0161te\u0107enog vida. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Prva pos<\/span><\/span>ebna Uredba o bijelom \u0161tapu <\/span><\/span>je izdata u decembru 1930. godine u Peoriji, Savezna dr\u017eava Illinois. O<\/span><\/span>na je omogu\u0107ila za\u0161titu<\/span><\/span> pje\u0161aka<\/span><\/span> o\u0161te\u0107enog vida<\/span><\/span> i davala im pravo prednosti kad su nosili bijeli \u0161tap.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ranih \u0161ezdesetih vi\u0161e dr\u017eavnih organizacija i ustanova za rehabilitaciju i pomo\u0107 <\/span><\/span>osobama potpuno i djelimi\u010dno o\u0161te\u010denog vida u Sjedinjenim Ameri\u010dkim D<\/span><\/span>r\u017eavama pods<\/span><\/span>ticalo je Kongres da 15. oktobar<\/span><\/span> proglasi Danom bijelog \u0161tapa u svih 50 saveznih dr\u017eava.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Predsjednik Sjedinjenih Ameri\u010dkih D<\/span><\/span>r\u017eava<\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span> Lyndon B. Johnson<\/span><\/span>,<\/span><\/span> proglasi<\/span><\/span>o je 15. oktobar <\/span><\/span>Danom bijelog \u0161tapa i tako u\u0161ao <\/span><\/span>u istoriju, a izme\u0111u ostalog rekao je<\/span><\/span><\/a>: “U na\u0161em dru\u0161tvu bijeli \u0161tap je postao jedan od simbola <\/span><\/span>mogu\u0107nosti osoba o\u0161te\u0107enog vida <\/span><\/span>da se samostalno kre\u0107u.”<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

Pripremila: An\u0111ela Dragovi\u0107<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Podgorica, 22.10.2020.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Umjetnik James Biggs iz Bristola tvrdio je da je on izmislio bijeli \u0161tap 1921. godine nakon \u0161to je nesretnim slu\u010dajem izgubio vid. Kako bi ga…<\/p>\n

Op\u0161irnijeIstorijat Bijelog \u0161tapa<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":767,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[39,225,124],"class_list":["post-766","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aktuelnosti","tag-bijeli-stap","tag-istorijat","tag-osobe-ostecenog-vida","ratio-2-1","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ss-cg.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/766","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ss-cg.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ss-cg.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ss-cg.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ss-cg.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=766"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ss-cg.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/766\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":768,"href":"https:\/\/ss-cg.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/766\/revisions\/768"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ss-cg.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/767"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ss-cg.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=766"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ss-cg.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=766"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ss-cg.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=766"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}