{"id":2146,"date":"2021-03-05T10:20:34","date_gmt":"2021-03-05T10:20:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ss-cg.org\/?p=2146"},"modified":"2021-03-05T10:27:55","modified_gmt":"2021-03-05T10:27:55","slug":"zastita-od-diskriminacije","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ss-cg.org\/?p=2146","title":{"rendered":"Za\u0161tita od diskriminacije"},"content":{"rendered":"

Oblast <\/span><\/span>za\u0161tite<\/span><\/span> od<\/span><\/span> diskriminacije<\/span><\/span> u <\/span><\/span>na\u0161em<\/span><\/span> zakonodavstvu<\/span><\/span> je <\/span><\/span>relativno<\/span><\/span> nova. <\/span><\/span>Proces<\/span><\/span> pristupanja<\/span><\/span> Evropskoj<\/span><\/span> uniji<\/span><\/span> zahtijevao<\/span><\/span> je <\/span><\/span>brojne<\/span><\/span> izmjene<\/span><\/span> legislative <\/span><\/span>kako<\/span><\/span> bi <\/span><\/span>ista<\/span><\/span> bila<\/span><\/span> uskla\u0111ena<\/span><\/span> sa<\/span><\/span> va\u017ee\u0107im\u00a0<\/span><\/span>evropskim<\/span><\/span> standardima<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Postoje<\/span><\/span> tri <\/span><\/span>nivoa<\/span><\/span> za\u0161tite<\/span><\/span>: <\/span><\/span>Inspekcijski<\/span><\/span> na<\/span><\/span>dzor<\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>postupak<\/span><\/span> pred\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Za\u0161titnikom<\/span><\/span>\/com <\/span><\/span>ljudskih<\/span><\/span> prava<\/span><\/span> i<\/span><\/span> sloboda<\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>i<\/span><\/span> postupak<\/span><\/span> pred s<\/span><\/span>udom<\/span><\/span>. OSI <\/span><\/span>moraju<\/span><\/span> prepoznati<\/span><\/span> diskriminaciju<\/span><\/span> i<\/span><\/span> same <\/span><\/span>za\u0161tititi\u00a0<\/span><\/span>svoja<\/span><\/span> prava<\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span>Ponekad<\/span><\/span> je <\/span><\/span>te\u0161ko<\/span><\/span> prepoznati<\/span><\/span> da <\/span><\/span>iza<\/span><\/span> empatije<\/span><\/span> i\u00a0<\/span><\/span>senzibiliteta<\/span><\/span> ne <\/span><\/span>stoji<\/span><\/span> ni\u0161ta<\/span><\/span> drugo<\/span><\/span> nego<\/span><\/span> diskriminacija<\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>OSI <\/span><\/span>tra\u017ee\u00a0<\/span><\/span>samo<\/span><\/span> jednaka<\/span><\/span> prava<\/span><\/span> i<\/span><\/span> jednake<\/span><\/span> \u0161anse<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Inspekcijski<\/span><\/span> nadzor<\/span><\/span> podrazumijeva<\/span><\/span> prijavljivanje<\/span><\/span> prekr\u0161aja<\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>na\u00a0<\/span><\/span>osnovu<\/span><\/span> kojeg<\/span><\/span> nadle\u017ena<\/span><\/span> inspekcija<\/span><\/span> izlazi<\/span><\/span> na<\/span><\/span> teren<\/span><\/span>. U <\/span><\/span>skladu<\/span><\/span> sa\u00a0<\/span><\/span>praksom<\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>inspekcija<\/span><\/span> naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e<\/span><\/span> prvo<\/span><\/span> opominje<\/span><\/span>, pa <\/span><\/span>onda<\/span><\/span> ka\u017enjava<\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Kada<\/span><\/span> je u <\/span><\/span>pitanju<\/span><\/span> sudski<\/span><\/span> postupak<\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>situacije<\/span><\/span> je <\/span><\/span>malo<\/span><\/span> slo\u017eenija<\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span>Postupak<\/span><\/span> se <\/span><\/span>pokre\u0107e<\/span><\/span> tu\u017ebom<\/span><\/span> koja<\/span><\/span> se <\/span><\/span>predaje<\/span><\/span> O<\/span><\/span>snovnom<\/span><\/span> sudu<\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span>Po\u017eeljno<\/span><\/span> je da <\/span><\/span>tu\u017eba<\/span><\/span> bud<\/span><\/span>e<\/span><\/span> napisana<\/span><\/span> od<\/span><\/span> strane<\/span><\/span> pravnika<\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>jer<\/span><\/span> se <\/span><\/span>pi\u0161e<\/span><\/span> u <\/span><\/span>skladu<\/span><\/span> sa<\/span><\/span> pravilima<\/span><\/span> parni\u010dnog<\/span><\/span> postupka<\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span>Ako<\/span><\/span> se <\/span><\/span>pogrije\u0161i u<\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/span>tu\u017ebenom<\/span><\/span> zahtjevu<\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>sud<\/span><\/span> odbacuje<\/span><\/span> tu\u017ebu<\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Nakon<\/span><\/span> osnovnog<\/span><\/span> suda<\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>tu\u017eba<\/span><\/span> dalje<\/span><\/span> mo\u017ee<\/span><\/span> i\u0107i<\/span><\/span> na<\/span><\/span> V<\/span><\/span>i\u0161i<\/span><\/span> sud<\/span><\/span>, do <\/span><\/span>revizije<\/span><\/span>, do <\/span><\/span>Vrhovnog<\/span><\/span> suda<\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>nakon<\/span><\/span> toga <\/span><\/span>Ustavni<\/span><\/span> sud<\/span><\/span>, pa<\/span><\/span> na\u00a0<\/span><\/span>Evropski<\/span><\/span> s<\/span><\/span>ud<\/span><\/span> za<\/span><\/span> ljudska<\/span><\/span> prava<\/span><\/span> u <\/span><\/span>Strazburu<\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Tu\u017ebom<\/span><\/span> se <\/span><\/span>utvr\u0111uje<\/span><\/span> diskriminacija<\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>zabranjuje<\/span><\/span> dalje<\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>uklanjaju\u00a0<\/span><\/span>posledice<\/span><\/span> diskriminatornog<\/span><\/span> postupanja<\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span>Sudski<\/span><\/span> postupak<\/span><\/span> nije\u00a0<\/span><\/span>besplatan<\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>ve\u0107<\/span><\/span> se <\/span><\/span>tarifira<\/span><\/span> u <\/span><\/span>skladu<\/span><\/span> sa<\/span><\/span> pravilima<\/span><\/span> parni\u010dnog\u00a0<\/span><\/span>postupka<\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Od 2011, u Crnoj Gori na snazi je i Zakon o Za\u0161titniku ljudskih prava i sloboda, koji ure\u0111uje nadle\u017enost, ovla\u0161\u0107enja, na\u010din rada i postupanje Za\u0161titnika ljudskih prava i sloboda.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

U \u010d<\/span><\/span>lan 2 pomenutog Zakona<\/span><\/span> stoji:<\/span><\/span> \u201e<\/span><\/span>Za\u0161titnik<\/span><\/span>\/<\/span><\/span>ca<\/span><\/span> samostalno<\/span><\/span> i n<\/span><\/span>ezavisno<\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>na<\/span><\/span> na\u010delima<\/span><\/span> pravde<\/span><\/span> i<\/span><\/span> pravi\u010dnosti<\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>preduzima<\/span><\/span> mjere<\/span><\/span> za\u00a0<\/span><\/span>za\u0161titu<\/span><\/span> ljudskih<\/span><\/span> prava<\/span><\/span> i<\/span><\/span> sloboda<\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>kad<\/span><\/span> su<\/span><\/span> povrije\u0111ena<\/span><\/span> aktom<\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>radnjom<\/span><\/span> ili<\/span><\/span> nepostupanjem<\/span><\/span> dr\u017eavnih<\/span><\/span> organa<\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>organa<\/span><\/span> dr\u017eavne\u00a0<\/span><\/span>uprave<\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>organa<\/span><\/span> lokalne<\/span><\/span> samouprave<\/span><\/span> i<\/span><\/span> lokalne<\/span><\/span> uprave<\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>javnih\u00a0<\/span><\/span>slu\u017ebi<\/span><\/span> i<\/span><\/span> drugih<\/span><\/span> nosilaca<\/span><\/span> javnih<\/span><\/span> ovla\u0161\u0107enja<\/span><\/span> (u <\/span><\/span>daljem<\/span><\/span> tekstu<\/span><\/span>: <\/span><\/span>organi<\/span><\/span>), <\/span><\/span>kao<\/span><\/span> i<\/span><\/span> mjere<\/span><\/span> za<\/span><\/span> sprje\u010davanje<\/span><\/span> mu\u010denja<\/span><\/span> i<\/span><\/span> drugih<\/span><\/span> oblika\u00a0<\/span><\/span>ne\u010dovje\u010dnog<\/span><\/span> ili<\/span><\/span> poni\u017eavaju\u0107eg<\/span><\/span> postupanja<\/span><\/span> i<\/span><\/span> ka\u017enjavanja<\/span><\/span> i<\/span><\/span> mjere\u00a0<\/span><\/span>za<\/span><\/span> za\u0161titu<\/span><\/span> od<\/span><\/span> diskriminacije<\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span>Za\u0161titnik<\/span><\/span>\/<\/span><\/span>ca<\/span><\/span> nema<\/span><\/span> ovla\u0161\u0107enje<\/span><\/span> u <\/span><\/span>odnosu<\/span><\/span> na<\/span><\/span> rad <\/span><\/span>sudova<\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>osim<\/span><\/span> u <\/span><\/span>slu\u010dajevima<\/span><\/span> utvr\u0111enim<\/span><\/span> ovim\u00a0<\/span><\/span>zakonom<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Va\u017eno<\/span><\/span> je <\/span><\/span>napomenuti<\/span><\/span> da ne <\/span><\/span>mo\u017eete<\/span><\/span> podnijeti<\/span><\/span> pritu\u017ebu<\/span><\/span>Ombudsmanu<\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>ukoliko<\/span><\/span> je <\/span><\/span>sudski<\/span><\/span> postupak<\/span><\/span> za<\/span><\/span> istu<\/span><\/span> temu<\/span><\/span> u <\/span><\/span>toku<\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u010clan<\/span><\/span> 27<\/span><\/span> pomenutog<\/span><\/span> Zakona<\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>opisuje<\/span><\/span> za\u0161titu<\/span><\/span> od<\/span><\/span> diskriminacije<\/span><\/span>: \u201c<\/span><\/span>Za\u0161titnik<\/span><\/span>\/<\/span><\/span>ca<\/span><\/span> je <\/span><\/span>institucionalni<\/span><\/span> mehanizam<\/span><\/span> za<\/span><\/span> za\u0161titu<\/span><\/span> od\u00a0<\/span><\/span>diskriminacije<\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span>Za\u0161titnik<\/span><\/span>\/<\/span><\/span>ca<\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>uz<\/span><\/span> saglasnost<\/span><\/span> diskriminisanog<\/span><\/span> lica<\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>postupa<\/span><\/span> i<\/span><\/span> preduzima<\/span><\/span> mjere<\/span><\/span> za<\/span><\/span> za\u0161titu<\/span><\/span> od<\/span><\/span> diskriminacije<\/span><\/span>, u <\/span><\/span>skladu\u00a0<\/span><\/span>sa<\/span><\/span> ovim<\/span><\/span> zakonom<\/span><\/span> i<\/span><\/span> posebnim<\/span><\/span> zakonom<\/span><\/span> kojim<\/span><\/span> je <\/span><\/span>ure\u0111ena<\/span><\/span> zabrana\u00a0<\/span><\/span>diskriminacije<\/span><\/span>. U <\/span><\/span>postupanju<\/span><\/span> Za\u0161titnika<\/span><\/span>\/<\/span><\/span>ce<\/span><\/span> u <\/span><\/span>slu\u010dajevima\u00a0<\/span><\/span>diskriminacije<\/span><\/span> od<\/span><\/span> strane<\/span><\/span> fizi\u010dkih<\/span><\/span> ili<\/span><\/span> pravnih<\/span><\/span> lica<\/span><\/span> shodno<\/span><\/span> se <\/span><\/span>primjenjuju<\/span><\/span> odredbe<\/span><\/span> ovog<\/span><\/span> zakona<\/span><\/span>. U <\/span><\/span>postupanju<\/span><\/span> Za\u0161titnika<\/span><\/span>\/<\/span><\/span>ce<\/span><\/span> u <\/span><\/span>slu\u010dajevima<\/span><\/span> diskriminacije<\/span><\/span> od<\/span><\/span> strane<\/span><\/span> fizi\u010dkog<\/span><\/span> ili<\/span><\/span> pravnog<\/span><\/span> lica\u00a0<\/span><\/span>shodno<\/span><\/span> se <\/span><\/span>primjenjuju<\/span><\/span> odredbe<\/span><\/span> ovog<\/span><\/span> zakona<\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span>Va\u017eno<\/span><\/span> je <\/span><\/span>naglasiti\u00a0<\/span><\/span>da OSI ne <\/span><\/span>dokazuju<\/span><\/span> diskriminaciju<\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>ve\u0107<\/span><\/span> diskriminator<\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span>U <\/span><\/span>\u010dlanu\u00a0<\/span><\/span>29 <\/span><\/span>stoji<\/span><\/span> da: \u201c<\/span><\/span>..<\/span><\/span>Lice <\/span><\/span>koje<\/span><\/span> podnosi<\/span><\/span> pritu\u017ebu<\/span><\/span> ili<\/span><\/span> u\u010destvuje<\/span><\/span> u <\/span><\/span>postupku<\/span><\/span> ne <\/span><\/span>mo\u017ee<\/span><\/span> zbog<\/span><\/span> toga <\/span><\/span>biti<\/span><\/span> pozvano<\/span><\/span> na<\/span><\/span> odgovornost<\/span><\/span> niti d<\/span><\/span>ovedeno<\/span><\/span> u <\/span><\/span>nepovoljniji<\/span><\/span> polo\u017eaj<\/span><\/span>.<\/span><\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Pritu\u017ebu <\/span><\/span>Za\u0161titniku\/i <\/span><\/span>mo\u017eete i sami napisati, postoji obrazac na sajtu Ombudsmana\u00a0<\/span><\/span>– <\/span><\/span>https:\/\/www.ombudsman.co.me\/<\/span><\/span><\/a> . Postupak je javan, povjerljiv, besplatan. <\/span><\/span>U \u010dlanu 30 stoji da se pritu\u017eba mo\u017ee podnijeti i usmeno na zapisnik. <\/span><\/span>Va\u017eno je ista\u0107i da su mi\u0161ljenja Za\u0161titnika\/ce medijski <\/span><\/span>propra\u0107en<\/span><\/span>a i vidljivija vi\u0161e u zajednici od sudskih presuda<\/span><\/span>, te stoga, ukoliko se doka\u017ee diskriminacija, svi su za\u0161ti\u0107eni u javnom mnjenju. Za\u0161titniku se mo\u017ee obratiti i pojedinac i institucija, organizacija. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Mnogi advokati \u0107e vas savjetovati da ukoliko prepoznate diskriminaciju, prvo napi\u0161ete pritu\u017ebu Ombudsmanu, pa onda tu\u017ebu Osnovnom sudu. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

U postupku pred Za\u0161titnikom<\/span><\/span>, prema izvje\u0161taju Za\u0161titnika za 2019, <\/span><\/span>u radu su bila 24 predmeta zbog diskriminacije po osnovu invaliditeta (17 predmeta u 2018. godini). U 14 slu\u010dajeva utvr\u0111ena je povreda prav<\/span><\/span>a i date su preporuke; u 3<\/span><\/span> nije utvr\u0111ena diskriminacija, nit<\/span><\/span>i povreda drugog prava; jedan<\/span><\/span> j<\/span><\/span>e rije\u0161en ukazivanjem; u dva<\/span><\/span> predmeta postupak je obustavljen jer su povrede prava otklonjene u t<\/span><\/span>oku postupka; u jednom<\/span><\/span> je obustavljen jer je podnosilac <\/span><\/span>povukao pritu\u017ebu, a u jednom<\/span><\/span> jer podnosilac pritu\u017ebe nije sa<\/span><\/span>ra\u0111ivao u postupku. U jednom\u00a0<\/span><\/span>predmetu nije postupano zbog o\u010digledne zloupotrebe prava podno\u0161enja pritu\u017ebe. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Po osnovu zdravstvenog <\/span><\/span>stanja u radu je bilo pet<\/span><\/span> predmeta, koji u osnovi mogu biti pra\u0107eni sa stanovi\u0161ta invaliditeta (\u0161est u 2018.<\/span><\/span> godini). Okon\u010dana su \u010detiri, dok je jedan<\/span><\/span> preni<\/span><\/span>jet u 2020. godinu. U jednom<\/span><\/span> predmetu utvr\u0111ena je povreda prava i date su preporuke;<\/span><\/span> jedan<\/span><\/span> je rije\u0161en ukazivanjem, dok su u dva (2) podnosioci upu\u0107eni na druga sredstva, jer je ocijenjeno da je to djelotvorniji put za\u0161tite. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

U izvje\u0161taju za 2019, navodi se da i<\/span><\/span>ako su stvorene odre\u0111ene zakonodavne pretpostavke za ostvarivanje prava, a vidljivost osoba sa invaliditetom je pove\u0107ana, one ipak ostaju na marginama, sprije\u010dene da u punom kapacitetu i na osnovu jednakosti sa drugima u\u010destvuju u dru\u0161tvenom \u017eivotu, \u017eive samostalno, obrazuju se i zara\u0111uju za \u017eivot obavljaju\u0107i posao koji su slobodno odabrale ili prihvatile na tr\u017ei\u0161tu rada. Posebno zabrinjava \u0161to jo\u0161 uvijek preovla\u0111uje medicinski i funkcionalni model pristupa invaliditetu. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Za\u0161titnik podsje\u0107a da Crna Gora jo\u0161 nije usvojila akcioni plan za sprovo\u0111enje preporuka Komiteta UN o pravima lica sa invaliditetom, pa tako postignuti napredak nije dovoljan ni sa stanovi\u0161ta uskla\u0111ivanja zakonodavstva sa Konvencijom UN o pravima lica sa invaliditetom. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Zakon o za\u0161titniku ljudskih prava i sloboda<\/span><\/span>, dostupan na linku ispod<\/span><\/span>:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.ombudsman.co.me\/docs\/Zakon_o_zastitniku_ci_ljudskih_prava_i_sloboda_Crne_Gore.pdf<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

Izvje\u0161taj<\/span><\/span> o <\/span><\/span>radu<\/span><\/span> Za\u0161titnika<\/span><\/span> ljudskih<\/span><\/span> prava<\/span><\/span> i<\/span><\/span> sloboda<\/span><\/span> Crne<\/span><\/span> G<\/span><\/span>ore <\/span><\/span>za\u00a0<\/span><\/span>2019. <\/span><\/span>godinu<\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>dostupan<\/span><\/span> na<\/span><\/span> linku<\/span><\/span> ispod<\/span><\/span>: \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.ombudsman.co.me\/docs\/1590478014_www-final—05—izvjestaj-o-radu-za-<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/a>2019.pdf<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Oblast za\u0161tite od diskriminacije u na\u0161em zakonodavstvu je relativno nova. Proces pristupanja Evropskoj uniji zahtijevao je brojne izmjene legislative kako bi ista bila uskla\u0111ena sa…<\/p>\n

Op\u0161irnijeZa\u0161tita od diskriminacije<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":2148,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[194,192,28,124],"class_list":["post-2146","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aktuelnosti","tag-diskriminacija","tag-ombudsman","tag-osi","tag-osobe-ostecenog-vida","ratio-2-1","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ss-cg.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2146","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ss-cg.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ss-cg.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ss-cg.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ss-cg.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2146"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ss-cg.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2146\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2147,"href":"https:\/\/ss-cg.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2146\/revisions\/2147"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ss-cg.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/2148"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ss-cg.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2146"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ss-cg.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2146"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ss-cg.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2146"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}